Chloasma is primarily caused by liver qi stagnation and blood stasis, qi and blood deficiency, and insufficient kidney essence, which prevents qi and blood from nourishing the face. Impatience and irritability, or excessive worry, lead to liver qi stagnation, which then transforms into heat. This liver fire ascends to the face, damaging Yin fluids, causing qi and blood to be unable to nourish the face. Those with a naturally weak spleen, with insufficient sources for the generation of qi and blood, and weak transportation and transformation, cannot warm and nourish the facial skin, leading to spots. Congenital deficiencies, excessive sexual activity, or prolonged illness can damage the kidneys, leading to a deficiency of kidney essence, resulting in a lack of nourishment to the face and the formation of brown spots. The main therapeutic approach in Traditional Chinese Medicine is to soothe the liver and strengthen the spleen, invigorate blood and nourish blood, and replenish the liver and kidneys to alleviate and eliminate chloasma.
